Physicochemical properties include FTIR, apparent calcium solubility estimated by the calcium ratio obtained by ionization chromatography and atomic absorption. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties and toxic effects of ionic calcium-fiber supplement (ICa+) and its impact on bone health preservation in mice C57/BL6 fed a calcium-deficient diet. Ionic calcium can help in the prevention of the process of osseous decalcification. Calculated profiles using in-vivo calcium and bicarbonate concentrations demonstrate that large calcium doses may not further increase intestinal calcium absorption once the calcium carbonate solubility product has been reached. The experimental data illustrate the impact of pH and CO(2) on the solubility of many calcium salts in the presence of bicarbonate secretions in the intestine. The calculations of soluble calcium resulted in profiles of available calcium, which agreed with previously published in-vivo data on absorbed calcium. The partial pressure of CO(2) also played a role in calcium carbonate solubility, depressing the solubility at pH 7.5. Although calcium citrate does have a higher solubility than CaCO(3) in water, there is little difference when the pH is controlled at pH 7.5. However, in distilled water each salt produced a different pH, affecting its solubility value. As pH increased, the solubility of each calcium salt increased. The precipitation profile of CaCO(3) was calculated using in-vivo data for bicarbonate and pH from literature and equilibrium calculations.
The solubility of calcium carbonate was also measured at pH 7.5, 6.0 and 4.5 with two CO(2) environments (0.3 and 152 mmHg) above the solution. The equilibrium solubility of four calcium salts (calcium oxalate hydrate, calcium citrate tetrahydrate, calcium phosphate, calcium glycerophosphate) were determined at controlled pH values (7.5, 6.0, 4.5 and < or = 3.0) and in distilled water. Many calcium salts, which are the calcium sources in supplements and food, have pH-dependent solubility and may have limited availability in the small intestine, the major site of absorption. The amount of calcium available for absorption is dependent, in part, on its sustained solubility in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
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